Proxy 객체는 기본적인 동작(속성 접근, 할당, 순회, 열거, 함수 호출 등)의 새로운 행동을 정의할 때 사용합니다.
용어
- handler
- trap들을 가지고 있는 Placeholder 객체.
- traps
- 프로퍼티에 접근할 수 있는 메소드. 운영체제에서 trap 이라는 컨셉과 유사하다.
- target
- proxy가 가상화하는 실제 객체. 이것은 proxy를 위한 backend 저장소로 사용된다. Invariants (semantics that remain unchanged) regarding object non-extensibility or non-configurable properties are verified against the target.
구문
new Proxy(target, handler);
매개변수
target- proxy와 함께 감싸진 target 객체 (native array, function, 다른 proxy을 포함한 객체)
handler- 프로퍼티들이 function 인 객체이다. 동작이 수행될 때, handler는 proxy의 행동을 정의한다.
메서드
Proxy.revocable()- 폐기할 수 있는(revocable) Proxy 객체를 생성.
Methods of the handler object
handler객체는 Proxy를 위한 trap들을 포함하고 있는 placeholder 객체이다.
All traps are optional. If a trap has not been defined, the default behavior is to forward the operation to the target.
handler.getPrototypeOf()- A trap for
Object.getPrototypeOf. handler.setPrototypeOf()- A trap for
Object.setPrototypeOf. handler.isExtensible()- A trap for
Object.isExtensible. handler.preventExtensions()- A trap for
Object.preventExtensions. handler.getOwnPropertyDescriptor()- A trap for
Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor. handler.defineProperty()- A trap for
Object.defineProperty. handler.has()- A trap for the
inoperator. handler.get()- A trap for getting property values.
handler.set()- A trap for setting property values.
handler.deleteProperty()- A trap for the
deleteoperator. handler.ownKeys()- A trap for
Object.getOwnPropertyNamesandObject.getOwnPropertySymbols. handler.apply()- A trap for a function call.
handler.construct()- A trap for the
newoperator.
Some non-standard traps are obsolete and have been removed.
예제
Basic example
프로퍼티 이름이 객체에 없을때, 기본값을 숫자 37로 리턴받는 간단한 예제이다. 이것은 get handler 를 사용하였다.
var handler = {
get: function(target, name){
return name in target?
target[name] :
37;
}
};
var p = new Proxy({}, handler);
p.a = 1;
p.b = undefined;
console.log(p.a, p.b); // 1, undefined
console.log('c' in p, p.c); // false, 37
No-op forwarding proxy
이 예제에서는, native JavaScript를 사용하겠다. proxy는 적용된 모든 동작으로 보낼 것이다.
var target = {};
var p = new Proxy(target, {});
p.a = 37; // target으로 동작이 전달
console.log(target.a); // 37. 동작이 제대로 전달됨
Validation (검증)
Proxy에서, 객체에 전달된 값을 쉽게 검증할 수 있다. 이 예제는 set handler 를 사용하였다.
let validator = {
set: function(obj, prop, value) {
if (prop === 'age') {
if (!Number.isInteger(value)) {
throw new TypeError('The age is not an integer');
}
if (value > 200) {
throw new RangeError('The age seems invalid');
}
}
// The default behavior to store the value
obj[prop] = value;
}
};
let person = new Proxy({}, validator);
person.age = 100;
console.log(person.age); // 100
person.age = 'young'; // Throws an exception
person.age = 300; // Throws an exception
Extending constructor (생성자 확장)
function proxy는 쉽게 새로운 생성자와 함께 생성자를 확장할 수 있다. 이 예제에서는 construct 와 apply handlers 를 사용하였다.
function extend(sup,base) {
var descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(
base.prototype,"constructor"
);
base.prototype = Object.create(sup.prototype);
var handler = {
construct: function(target, args) {
var obj = Object.create(base.prototype);
this.apply(target,obj,args);
return obj;
},
apply: function(target, that, args) {
sup.apply(that,args);
base.apply(that,args);
}
};
var proxy = new Proxy(base,handler);
descriptor.value = proxy;
Object.defineProperty(base.prototype, "constructor", descriptor);
return proxy;
}
var Person = function(name){
this.name = name;
};
var Boy = extend(Person, function(name, age) {
this.age = age;
});
Boy.prototype.sex = "M";
var Peter = new Boy("Peter", 13);
console.log(Peter.sex); // "M"
console.log(Peter.name); // "Peter"
console.log(Peter.age); // 13
Manipulating DOM nodes (DOM nodes 조작)
가끔씩, 두 개의 다른 element의 속성이나 클래스 이름을 바꾸고 싶을 것이다. 아래는 set handler 를 사용하였다.
let view = new Proxy({
selected: null
},
{
set: function(obj, prop, newval) {
let oldval = obj[prop];
if (prop === 'selected') {
if (oldval) {
oldval.setAttribute('aria-selected', 'false');
}
if (newval) {
newval.setAttribute('aria-selected', 'true');
}
}
// The default behavior to store the value
obj[prop] = newval;
}
});
let i1 = view.selected = document.getElementById('item-1');
console.log(i1.getAttribute('aria-selected')); // 'true'
let i2 = view.selected = document.getElementById('item-2');
console.log(i1.getAttribute('aria-selected')); // 'false'
console.log(i2.getAttribute('aria-selected')); // 'true'
Value correction and an extra property (값 정정과 추가적인 property)
products 라는 proxy 객체는 전달된 값을 평가하고, 필요할 때 배열로 변환한다. 이 객체는 latestBrowser 라는 추가적인 property를 지원하는데, getter와 setter 모두 지원한다.
let products = new Proxy({
browsers: ['Internet Explorer', 'Netscape']
},
{
get: function(obj, prop) {
// An extra property
if (prop === 'latestBrowser') {
return obj.browsers[obj.browsers.length - 1];
}
// The default behavior to return the value
return obj[prop];
},
set: function(obj, prop, value) {
// An extra property
if (prop === 'latestBrowser') {
obj.browsers.push(value);
return;
}
// Convert the value if it is not an array
if (typeof value === 'string') {
value = [value];
}
// The default behavior to store the value
obj[prop] = value;
}
});
console.log(products.browsers); // ['Internet Explorer', 'Netscape']
products.browsers = 'Firefox'; // pass a string (by mistake)
console.log(products.browsers); // ['Firefox'] <- no problem, the value is an array
products.latestBrowser = 'Chrome';
console.log(products.browsers); // ['Firefox', 'Chrome']
console.log(products.latestBrowser); // 'Chrome'
Finding an array item object by its property (property로 배열의 객체를 찾기)
proxy 는 유용한 특성을 가진 배열로 확장할 것이다. Object.defineProperties를 사용하지 않고, 유연하게 property들을 유연하게 "정의"할 수 있다. 이 예제는 테이블의 cell을 이용해서 row(열)을 찾는데 적용할 수 있다. 이 경우, target은 table.rows가 될 것이다.
let products = new Proxy([
{ name: 'Firefox', type: 'browser' },
{ name: 'SeaMonkey', type: 'browser' },
{ name: 'Thunderbird', type: 'mailer' }
],
{
get: function(obj, prop) {
// The default behavior to return the value; prop is usually an integer
if (prop in obj) {
return obj[prop];
}
// Get the number of products; an alias of products.length
if (prop === 'number') {
return obj.length;
}
let result, types = {};
for (let product of obj) {
if (product.name === prop) {
result = product;
}
if (types[product.type]) {
types[product.type].push(product);
} else {
types[product.type] = [product];
}
}
// Get a product by name
if (result) {
return result;
}
// Get products by type
if (prop in types) {
return types[prop];
}
// Get product types
if (prop === 'types') {
return Object.keys(types);
}
return undefined;
}
});
console.log(products[0]); // { name: 'Firefox', type: 'browser' }
console.log(products['Firefox']); // { name: 'Firefox', type: 'browser' }
console.log(products['Chrome']); // undefined
console.log(products.browser); // [{ name: 'Firefox', type: 'browser' }, { name: 'SeaMonkey', type: 'browser' }]
console.log(products.types); // ['browser', 'mailer']
console.log(products.number); // 3
A complete traps list example (완벽한 traps 리스트 예제)
이제 완벽한 traps 리스트를 생성하기 위해서, non native 객체를 프록시화 할 것이다. 이것은 특히, 다음과 같은 동작에 적합하다 : the "little framework" published on the document.cookie page 에 의해 생성된 docCookies 는 글로벌 객체
/*
var docCookies = ... get the "docCookies" object here:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/document.cookie#A_little_framework.3A_a_complete_cookies_reader.2Fwriter_with_full_unicode_support
*/
var docCookies = new Proxy(docCookies, {
get: function (oTarget, sKey) {
return oTarget[sKey] || oTarget.getItem(sKey) || undefined;
},
set: function (oTarget, sKey, vValue) {
if (sKey in oTarget) { return false; }
return oTarget.setItem(sKey, vValue);
},
deleteProperty: function (oTarget, sKey) {
if (sKey in oTarget) { return false; }
return oTarget.removeItem(sKey);
},
enumerate: function (oTarget, sKey) {
return oTarget.keys();
},
ownKeys: function (oTarget, sKey) {
return oTarget.keys();
},
has: function (oTarget, sKey) {
return sKey in oTarget || oTarget.hasItem(sKey);
},
defineProperty: function (oTarget, sKey, oDesc) {
if (oDesc && "value" in oDesc) { oTarget.setItem(sKey, oDesc.value); }
return oTarget;
},
getOwnPropertyDescriptor: function (oTarget, sKey) {
var vValue = oTarget.getItem(sKey);
return vValue ? {
value: vValue,
writable: true,
enumerable: true,
configurable: false
} : undefined;
},
});
/* Cookies test */
console.log(docCookies.my_cookie1 = "First value");
console.log(docCookies.getItem("my_cookie1"));
docCookies.setItem("my_cookie1", "Changed value");
console.log(docCookies.my_cookie1);
명세
| Specification | Status | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| ECMAScript 2015 (6th Edition, ECMA-262) The definition of 'Proxy' in that specification. |
Standard | Initial definition. |
| ECMAScript 2016 (ECMA-262) The definition of 'Proxy' in that specification. |
Standard | |
| ECMAScript 2017 (ECMA-262) The definition of 'Proxy' in that specification. |
Standard | |
| ECMAScript Latest Draft (ECMA-262) The definition of 'Proxy' in that specification. |
Draft |
브라우저 호환성
| Desktop | Mobile | Server | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Proxy | Chrome Full support 49 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox Full support 18 | IE No support No | Opera Full support 36 | Safari Full support 10 | WebView Android Full support 49 | Chrome Android Full support 49 | Firefox Android Full support 18 | Opera Android Full support 36 | Safari iOS Full support 10 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 5.0 | nodejs Full support 6.0.0 |
handler.apply | Chrome Full support 49 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox Full support 18 | IE No support No | Opera Full support 36 | Safari Full support 10 | WebView Android Full support 49 | Chrome Android Full support 49 | Firefox Android Full support 18 | Opera Android Full support 36 | Safari iOS Full support 10 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 5.0 | nodejs Full support 6.0.0 |
handler.construct | Chrome Full support 49 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox Full support 18 | IE No support No | Opera Full support 36 | Safari Full support 10 | WebView Android Full support 49 | Chrome Android Full support 49 | Firefox Android Full support 18 | Opera Android Full support 36 | Safari iOS Full support 10 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 5.0 | nodejs Full support 6.0.0 |
handler.defineProperty | Chrome Full support 49 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox Full support 18 | IE No support No | Opera Full support 36 | Safari Full support 10 | WebView Android Full support 49 | Chrome Android Full support 49 | Firefox Android Full support 18 | Opera Android Full support 36 | Safari iOS Full support 10 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 5.0 | nodejs Full support 6.0.0 |
handler.deleteProperty | Chrome Full support 49 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox Full support 18 | IE No support No | Opera Full support 36 | Safari Full support 10 | WebView Android Full support 49 | Chrome Android Full support 49 | Firefox Android Full support 18 | Opera Android Full support 36 | Safari iOS Full support 10 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 5.0 | nodejs Full support 6.0.0 |
handler.enumerate | Chrome No support No | Edge No support No | Firefox No support 37 — 47 | IE No support No | Opera No support No | Safari No support No | WebView Android No support No | Chrome Android No support No | Firefox Android No support 37 — 47 | Opera Android No support No | Safari iOS No support No | Samsung Internet Android No support No | nodejs No support No |
handler.get | Chrome Full support 49 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox Full support 18 | IE No support No | Opera Full support 36 | Safari Full support 10 | WebView Android Full support 49 | Chrome Android Full support 49 | Firefox Android Full support 18 | Opera Android Full support 36 | Safari iOS Full support 10 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 5.0 | nodejs Full support 6.0.0 |
handler.getOwnPropertyDescriptor | Chrome Full support 49 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox Full support 18 | IE No support No | Opera Full support 36 | Safari Full support 10 | WebView Android Full support 49 | Chrome Android Full support 49 | Firefox Android Full support 18 | Opera Android Full support 36 | Safari iOS Full support 10 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 5.0 | nodejs Full support 6.0.0 |
handler.getPrototypeOf | Chrome Full support 49 | Edge No support No | Firefox Full support 49 | IE No support No | Opera Full support 36 | Safari No support No | WebView Android Full support 49 | Chrome Android Full support 49 | Firefox Android Full support 49 | Opera Android Full support 36 | Safari iOS No support No | Samsung Internet Android Full support 5.0 | nodejs Full support 6.0.0 |
handler.has | Chrome Full support 49 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox Full support 18 | IE No support No | Opera Full support 36 | Safari Full support 10 | WebView Android Full support 49 | Chrome Android Full support 49 | Firefox Android Full support 18 | Opera Android Full support 36 | Safari iOS Full support 10 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 5.0 | nodejs Full support 6.0.0 |
handler.isExtensible | Chrome Full support 49 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox Full support 31 | IE No support No | Opera Full support 36 | Safari ? | WebView Android Full support 49 | Chrome Android Full support 49 | Firefox Android Full support 31 | Opera Android Full support 36 | Safari iOS ? | Samsung Internet Android Full support 5.0 | nodejs Full support 6.0.0 |
handler.ownKeys | Chrome Full support 49 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox
Full support
18
| IE No support No | Opera Full support 36 | Safari Full support 10 | WebView Android Full support 49 | Chrome Android Full support 49 | Firefox Android
Full support
18
| Opera Android Full support 36 | Safari iOS Full support 10 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 5.0 | nodejs Full support 6.0.0 |
handler.preventExtensions | Chrome Full support 49 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox Full support 22 | IE No support No | Opera Full support 36 | Safari Full support 10 | WebView Android Full support 49 | Chrome Android Full support 49 | Firefox Android Full support 22 | Opera Android Full support 36 | Safari iOS Full support 10 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 5.0 | nodejs Full support 6.0.0 |
handler.set | Chrome Full support 49 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox Full support 18 | IE No support No | Opera Full support 36 | Safari Full support 10 | WebView Android Full support 49 | Chrome Android Full support 49 | Firefox Android Full support 18 | Opera Android Full support 36 | Safari iOS Full support 10 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 5.0 | nodejs Full support 6.0.0 |
handler.setPrototypeOf | Chrome Full support 49 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox Full support 49 | IE No support No | Opera Full support 36 | Safari ? | WebView Android Full support 49 | Chrome Android Full support 49 | Firefox Android Full support 49 | Opera Android Full support 36 | Safari iOS ? | Samsung Internet Android Full support 5.0 | nodejs Full support 6.0.0 |
revocable | Chrome Full support 63 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox Full support 34 | IE No support No | Opera Full support Yes | Safari Full support 10 | WebView Android Full support 63 | Chrome Android Full support 63 | Firefox Android Full support 34 | Opera Android Full support Yes | Safari iOS Full support 10 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 8.0 | nodejs Full support 6.0.0 |
Legend
- Full support
- Full support
- No support
- No support
- Compatibility unknown
- Compatibility unknown
- Non-standard. Expect poor cross-browser support.
- Non-standard. Expect poor cross-browser support.
- Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.
- Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.
- See implementation notes.
- See implementation notes.
같이 보기
- "Proxies are awesome" Brendan Eich presentation at JSConf (slides)
- ECMAScript Harmony Proxy proposal page and ECMAScript Harmony proxy semantics page
- Tutorial on proxies
- SpiderMonkey specific Old Proxy API
Object.watch()is a non-standard feature but has been supported in Gecko for a long time.
라이센스 참고사항
Some content (text, examples) in this page has been copied or adapted from the ECMAScript wiki which content is licensed CC 2.0 BY-NC-SA.