Using Node.js with GitHub Actions

简介

This guide shows you how to create a continuous integration (CI) workflow that builds and tests Node.js code. If your CI tests pass, you may want to deploy your code or publish a package.

基本要求

We recommend that you have a basic understanding of Node.js, YAML, workflow configuration options, and how to create a workflow file. For more information, see "Configuring a workflow" and "Getting started with Node.js."

You may also find it helpful to have a basic understanding of the following:

• "Core concepts for GitHub 操作"
• "Using environment variables"

Starting with the Node.js workflow template

GitHub provides a Node.js workflow template that will work for most Node.js projects. This guide includes npm and Yarn examples that you can use to customize the template. For more information, see the Node.js workflow template.

To get started quickly, add the template to the .github/workflows directory of your repository.

name: Node.js CI

on: [push]

jobs:
  build:

    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    strategy:
      matrix:
        node-version: [8.x, 10.x, 12.x]

    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
    - name: Use Node.js ${{ matrix.node-version }}
      uses: actions/setup-node@v1
      with:
        node-version: ${{ matrix.node-version }}
    - run: npm install
    - run: npm run build --if-present
    - run: npm test
      env:
        CI: true

Running on a different operating system

The starter workflow template configures jobs to run on Linux, using the GitHub-hosted ubuntu-latest runners. You can change the runs-on key to run your jobs on a different operating system. For example, you can use the GitHub-hosted Windows runners.

runs-on: windows-latest

Or, you can run on the GitHub-hosted macOS runners.

runs-on: macos-latest

You can also run jobs in Docker containers, or you can provide a self-hosted runner that runs on your own infrastructure. 更多信息请参阅“GitHub 操作 的工作流程语法”。

Specifying the Node.js version

The easiest way to specify a Node.js version is by using the setup-node action provided by GitHub. For more information see, setup-node.

The setup-node action takes a Node.js version as an input and configures that version on the runner. The setup-node action finds a specific version of Node.js from the tools cache on each runner and adds the necessary binaries to PATH, which persists for the rest of the job. Using the setup-node action is the recommended way of using Node.js with GitHub 操作 because it ensures consistent behavior across different runners and different versions of Node.js. If you are using a self-hosted runner, you must install Node.js and add it to PATH.

The template includes a matrix strategy that builds and tests your code with three Node.js versions: 8.x, 10.x, and 12.x. The 'x' is a wildcard character that matches the latest minor and patch release available for a version. Each version of Node.js specified in the node-version array creates a job that runs the same steps.

Each job can access the value defined in the matrix node-version array using the matrix context. The setup-node action uses the context as the node-version input. The setup-node action configures each job with a different Node.js version before building and testing code. For more information about matrix strategies and contexts, see "Workflow syntax for GitHub 操作" and "Context and expression syntax for GitHub 操作."

strategy:
  matrix:
    node-version: [8.x, 10.x, 12.x]

steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v2
- name: Use Node.js ${{ matrix.node-version }}
  uses: actions/setup-node@v1
  with:
    node-version: ${{ matrix.node-version }}

Alternatively, you can build and test with exact Node.js versions.

strategy:
  matrix:
    node-version: [8.16.2, 10.17.0]

Or, you can build and test using a single version of Node.js too.

name: Node.js CI

on: [push]

jobs:
  build:

    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
    - name: Use Node.js
      uses: actions/setup-node@v1
      with:
        node-version: '12.x'
    - run: npm install
    - run: npm run build --if-present
    - run: npm test
      env:
        CI: true

If you don't specify a Node.js version, GitHub uses the environment's default Node.js version. For more information, see "Software installed on GitHub-hosted runners."

Installing dependencies

GitHub-hosted runners have npm and Yarn dependency managers installed. You can use npm and Yarn to install dependencies in your workflow before building and testing your code. The Windows and Linux GitHub-hosted runners also have Grunt, Gulp, and Bower installed.

You can also cache dependencies to speed up your workflow. For more information, see "Caching dependencies to speed up your workflow."

Example using npm

This example installs the dependencies defined in the package.json file. For more information, see npm install.

steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v2
- name: Use Node.js
  uses: actions/setup-node@v1
  with:
    node-version: '12.x'
- name: Install dependencies
  run: npm install

Using npm ci installs the versions in the package-lock.json or npm-shrinkwrap.json file and prevents updates to the lock file. Using npm ci is generally faster than running npm install. For more information, see npm ci and "Introducing npm ci for faster, more reliable builds."

steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v2
- name: Use Node.js
  uses: actions/setup-node@v1
  with:
    node-version: '12.x'
- name: Install dependencies
  run: npm ci

Example using Yarn

This example installs the dependencies defined in the package.json file. For more information, see yarn install.

steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v2
- name: Use Node.js
  uses: actions/setup-node@v1
  with:
    node-version: '12.x'
- name: Install dependencies
  run: yarn

Alternatively, you can pass --frozen-lockfile to install the versions in the yarn.lock file and prevent updates to the yarn.lock file.

steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v2
- name: Use Node.js
  uses: actions/setup-node@v1
  with:
    node-version: '12.x'
- name: Install dependencies
  run: yarn --frozen-lockfile

Example using a private registry and creating the .npmrc file

您可以使用 setup-node 操作在运行器上创建本地 .npmrc 文件，以配置默认注册表和范围。 setup-node 操作也接受身份验证令牌作为输入，用于访问私人注册表或发布节点包。 更多信息请参阅 setup-node。

To authenticate to your private registry, you'll need to store your npm authentication token as a secret in your repository settings. For example, create a secret called NPM_TOKEN. For more information, see "Creating and using encrypted secrets."

In the example below, the secret NPM_TOKEN stores the npm authentication token. The setup-node action configures the .npmrc file to read the npm authentication token from the NODE_AUTH_TOKEN environment variable. When using the setup-node action to create an .npmrc file, you must set the NPM_AUTH_TOKEN environment variable with the secret that contains your npm authentication token.

Before installing dependencies, use the setup-node action to create the .npmrc file. The action has two input parameters. The node-version parameter sets the Node.js version, and the registry-url parameter sets the default registry. If your package registry uses scopes, you must use the scope parameter. For more information, see npm-scope.

steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v2
- name: Use Node.js
  uses: actions/setup-node@v1
  with:
    always-auth: true
    node-version: '12.x'
    registry-url: https://registry.npmjs.org
    scope: '@octocat'
  env:
    NODE_AUTH_TOKEN: ${{secrets.NPM_TOKEN}}
- name: Install dependencies
  run: npm ci

The example above creates an .npmrc file with the following contents:

//registry.npmjs.org/:_authToken=${NODE_AUTH_TOKEN}
@octocat:registry=https://registry.npmjs.org/
always-auth=true

Example caching dependencies

You can cache dependencies using a unique key, and restore the dependencies when you run future workflows using the cache action. For more information, see "Caching dependencies to speed up workflows" and the cache action.

steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v2
- name: Use Node.js
  uses: actions/setup-node@v1
  with:
    node-version: '12.x'
- name: Cache Node.js modules
  uses: actions/cache@v1
  with:
    path: ~/.npm # npm cache files are stored in `~/.npm` on Linux/macOS
    key: ${{ runner.OS }}-node-${{ hashFiles('**/package-lock.json') }}
    restore-keys: |
      ${{ runner.OS }}-node-
      ${{ runner.OS }}-
- name: Install dependencies
  run: npm ci

Building and testing your code

You can use the same commands that you use locally to build and test your code. For example, if you run npm run build to run build steps defined in your package.json file and npm test to run your test suite, you would add those commands in your workflow file.

steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v2
- name: Use Node.js
  uses: actions/setup-node@v1
  with:
    node-version: '12.x'
- run: npm install
- run: npm run build --if-present
- run: npm test

Packaging workflow data as artifacts

You can save artifacts from your build and test steps to view after a job completes. For example, you may need to save log files, core dumps, test results, or screenshots. For more information, see "Persisting workflow data using artifacts."

Publishing to package registries

You can configure your workflow to publish your Node.js package to a package registry after your CI tests pass. For more information about publishing to npm and GitHub 包注册表, see "Publishing Node.js packages."