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Об'єкт Map зберігає пари ключ-значення. Будь-яке значення (і об'єкт, і примітивне значення) може бути використано і як ключ, і як значення.
Синтаксис
new Map([iterable])
Параметри
iterableArrayабо інший об'єкт, що перебирається, чиї елементи є парами ключ-значення (масиви з двома елементами, наприклад,[[1, 'one'], [2, 'two']]). Кожна пара ключ-значення додається до новогоMap; значення null вважаютьсяundefined.
Опис
Об'єкт Map перебирає свої елементи у порядку їх введення — цикл for...of повертає масив [ключ, значення] під час кожної ітерації.
Слід зазначити, що Map, що є Map'ом об'єкта, especially a dictionary of dictionaries, буде перебиратися у порядку додавання елементів в об'єкт - у довільному порядку і не упорядковано.
Еквівалентність ключів
Еквівалентність ключів основана на алгоритмі "SameValueZero": NaN вважається NaN (хоча, NaN !== NaN) і всі інші значення вважаються еквівалентними згідно семантики оператора ===. У сучасній версії сецифікації ECMAScript -0 та +0 вважаються еквівалентними, хоча у попередніх версіях було інакше. Більш детально дивіться "Value equality for -0 and 0" у таблиці сумісності браузерів.
Порівняння об'єктів та maps
Objects are similar to Maps in that both let you set keys to values, retrieve those values, delete keys, and detect whether something is stored at a key. Because of this (and because there were no built-in alternatives), Objects have been used as Maps historically; however, there are important differences that make using a Map preferable in certain cases:
- The keys of an
ObjectareStringsandSymbols, whereas they can be any value for aMap, including functions, objects, and any primitive. - You can get the size of a
Mapeasily with thesizeproperty, while the number of properties in anObjectmust be determined manually. - A
Mapis an iterable and can thus be directly iterated, whereas iterating over anObjectrequires obtaining its keys in some fashion and iterating over them. - An
Objecthas a prototype, so there are default keys in the map that could collide with your keys if you're not careful. As of ES5 this can be bypassed by usingmap = Object.create(null), but this is seldom done. - A
Mapmay perform better in scenarios involving frequent addition and removal of key pairs.
Properties
Map.length- The value of the
lengthproperty is 0. get Map[@@species]- The constructor function that is used to create derived objects.
Map.prototype- Represents the prototype for the
Mapconstructor. Allows the addition of properties to allMapobjects.
Map instances
All Map instances inherit from Map.prototype.
Properties
Methods
Examples
Using the Map object
var myMap = new Map();
var keyString = 'a string',
keyObj = {},
keyFunc = function() {};
// setting the values
myMap.set(keyString, "value associated with 'a string'");
myMap.set(keyObj, 'value associated with keyObj');
myMap.set(keyFunc, 'value associated with keyFunc');
myMap.size; // 3
// getting the values
myMap.get(keyString); // "value associated with 'a string'"
myMap.get(keyObj); // "value associated with keyObj"
myMap.get(keyFunc); // "value associated with keyFunc"
myMap.get('a string'); // "value associated with 'a string'"
// because keyString === 'a string'
myMap.get({}); // undefined, because keyObj !== {}
myMap.get(function() {}) // undefined, because keyFunc !== function () {}
Using NaN as Map keys
NaN can also be used as a key. Even though every NaN is not equal to itself (NaN !== NaN is true), the following example works because NaNs are indistinguishable from each other:
var myMap = new Map();
myMap.set(NaN, 'not a number');
myMap.get(NaN); // "not a number"
var otherNaN = Number('foo');
myMap.get(otherNaN); // "not a number"
Iterating Maps with for..of
Maps can be iterated using a for..of loop:
var myMap = new Map();
myMap.set(0, 'zero');
myMap.set(1, 'one');
for (var [key, value] of myMap) {
console.log(key + ' = ' + value);
}
// 0 = zero
// 1 = one
for (var key of myMap.keys()) {
console.log(key);
}
// 0
// 1
for (var value of myMap.values()) {
console.log(value);
}
// zero
// one
for (var [key, value] of myMap.entries()) {
console.log(key + ' = ' + value);
}
// 0 = zero
// 1 = one
Iterating Maps with forEach()
Maps can be iterated using the forEach() method:
myMap.forEach(function(value, key) {
console.log(key + ' = ' + value);
});
// Will show 2 logs; first with "0 = zero" and second with "1 = one"
Relation with Array objects
var kvArray = [['key1', 'value1'], ['key2', 'value2']];
// Use the regular Map constructor to transform a 2D key-value Array into a map
var myMap = new Map(kvArray);
myMap.get('key1'); // returns "value1"
// Use the Array.from function to transform a map into a 2D key-value Array
console.log(Array.from(myMap)); // Will show you exactly the same Array as kvArray
// Or use the keys or values iterators and convert them to an array
console.log(Array.from(myMap.keys())); // Will show ["key1", "key2"]
Specifications
| Specification | Status | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| ECMAScript 2015 (6th Edition, ECMA-262) The definition of 'Map' in that specification. |
Standard | Initial definition. |
| ECMAScript (ECMA-262) The definition of 'Map' in that specification. |
Living Standard |
Browser compatibility
| Desktop | Mobile | Server | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Map | Chrome Full support 38 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox Full support 13 | IE Full support 11 | Opera Full support 25 | Safari Full support 8 | WebView Android Full support 38 | Chrome Android Full support 38 | Firefox Android Full support 14 | Opera Android Full support 25 | Safari iOS Full support 8 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0 | nodejs
Full support
0.12
|
Map() constructor | Chrome Full support 38 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox Full support 13 | IE Full support 11 | Opera Full support 25 | Safari Full support 8 | WebView Android Full support 38 | Chrome Android Full support 38 | Firefox Android Full support 14 | Opera Android Full support 25 | Safari iOS Full support 8 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0 | nodejs
Full support
0.12
|
clear | Chrome Full support 38 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox Full support 19 | IE Full support 11 | Opera Full support 25 | Safari Full support 8 | WebView Android Full support 38 | Chrome Android Full support 38 | Firefox Android Full support 19 | Opera Android Full support 25 | Safari iOS Full support 8 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0 | nodejs Full support 0.12 |
delete | Chrome Full support 38 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox Full support 13 | IE Full support 11 | Opera Full support 25 | Safari Full support 8 | WebView Android Full support 38 | Chrome Android Full support 38 | Firefox Android Full support 14 | Opera Android Full support 25 | Safari iOS Full support 8 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0 | nodejs
Full support
0.12
|
entries | Chrome Full support 38 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox Full support 20 | IE No support No | Opera Full support 25 | Safari Full support 8 | WebView Android Full support 38 | Chrome Android Full support 38 | Firefox Android Full support 20 | Opera Android Full support 25 | Safari iOS Full support 8 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0 | nodejs Full support 0.12 |
forEach | Chrome Full support 38 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox Full support 25 | IE Full support 11 | Opera Full support 25 | Safari Full support 8 | WebView Android Full support 38 | Chrome Android Full support 38 | Firefox Android Full support 25 | Opera Android Full support 25 | Safari iOS Full support 8 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0 | nodejs Full support 0.12 |
get | Chrome Full support 38 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox Full support 13 | IE Full support 11 | Opera Full support 25 | Safari Full support 8 | WebView Android Full support 38 | Chrome Android Full support 38 | Firefox Android Full support 14 | Opera Android Full support 25 | Safari iOS Full support 8 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0 | nodejs
Full support
0.12
|
has | Chrome Full support 38 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox Full support 13 | IE Full support 11 | Opera Full support 25 | Safari Full support 8 | WebView Android Full support 38 | Chrome Android Full support 38 | Firefox Android Full support 14 | Opera Android Full support 25 | Safari iOS Full support 8 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0 | nodejs
Full support
0.12
|
| Key equality for -0 and 0 | Chrome Full support 38 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox Full support 29 | IE No support No | Opera Full support 25 | Safari Full support 9 | WebView Android Full support 38 | Chrome Android Full support 38 | Firefox Android Full support 29 | Opera Android Full support 25 | Safari iOS Full support 9 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0 | nodejs Full support 4.0.0 |
keys | Chrome Full support 38 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox Full support 20 | IE No support No | Opera Full support 25 | Safari Full support 8 | WebView Android Full support 38 | Chrome Android Full support 38 | Firefox Android Full support 20 | Opera Android Full support 25 | Safari iOS Full support 8 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0 | nodejs Full support 0.12 |
set | Chrome Full support 38 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox Full support 13 | IE
Partial support
11
| Opera Full support 25 | Safari Full support 8 | WebView Android Full support 38 | Chrome Android Full support 38 | Firefox Android Full support 14 | Opera Android Full support 25 | Safari iOS Full support 8 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0 | nodejs
Full support
0.12
|
size | Chrome Full support 38 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox
Full support
19
| IE Full support 11 | Opera Full support 25 | Safari Full support 8 | WebView Android Full support 38 | Chrome Android Full support 38 | Firefox Android
Full support
19
| Opera Android Full support 25 | Safari iOS Full support 8 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0 | nodejs Full support 0.12 |
values | Chrome Full support 38 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox Full support 20 | IE No support No | Opera Full support 25 | Safari Full support 8 | WebView Android Full support 38 | Chrome Android Full support 38 | Firefox Android Full support 20 | Opera Android Full support 25 | Safari iOS Full support 8 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0 | nodejs Full support 0.12 |
@@iterator | Chrome Full support 43 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox
Full support
36
| IE No support No | Opera Full support 30 | Safari Full support 10 | WebView Android Full support 43 | Chrome Android Full support 43 | Firefox Android
Full support
36
| Opera Android Full support 30 | Safari iOS Full support 10 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 4.0 | nodejs Full support 0.12 |
@@species | Chrome Full support 51 | Edge Full support 13 | Firefox Full support 41 | IE No support No | Opera Full support 38 | Safari Full support 10 | WebView Android Full support 51 | Chrome Android Full support 51 | Firefox Android Full support 41 | Opera Android Full support 41 | Safari iOS Full support 10 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 5.0 | nodejs
Full support
6.5.0
|
@@toStringTag | Chrome Full support 44 | Edge Full support 79 | Firefox Full support 51 | IE No support No | Opera No support No | Safari Full support 9.1 | WebView Android Full support 44 | Chrome Android Full support 44 | Firefox Android Full support 51 | Opera Android No support No | Safari iOS Full support 9.3 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 4.0 | nodejs Full support 6.0.0 |
Legend
- Full support
- Full support
- Partial support
- Partial support
- No support
- No support
- See implementation notes.
- See implementation notes.
- User must explicitly enable this feature.
- User must explicitly enable this feature.
- Uses a non-standard name.
- Uses a non-standard name.